Lesson11
HTML Styles - CSS
Styling HTML with CSS
CSS stands for Cascading Style Sheets.
CSS describes how HTML elements are to be displayed on screen, paper, or in other media.
CSS saves a lot of work. It can control the layout of multiple web pages all at once.
CSS can be added to HTML elements in 3 ways:
- Inline - by using the style attribute in HTML elements
- Internal - by using a <style> element in the <head> section
- External - by using an external CSS file
The most common way to add CSS, is to keep the styles in separate CSS files. However, here we will use inline and internal styling, because this is easier to demonstrate, and easier for you to try it yourself.
Inline CSS
An inline CSS is used to apply a unique style to a single HTML element.
An inline CSS uses the style attribute of an HTML element.
This example sets the text color of the <h1> element to blue:
Example
<h1 style="color:grey;">This is a grey Heading in level one</h1>
Internal CSS
An internal CSS is used to define a style for a single HTML page.
An internal CSS is defined in the <head> section of an HTML page, within a <style> element:
Example
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<style>
body {background-color: powderblue;}
h1 {color: grey;}
p {color: green;}</style>
</head>
<body>
<h1>This is heading level one</h1>
<p>This is paragraph.</p>
</body>
</html>
<head>
<style>
body {background-color: powderblue;}
h1 {color: grey;}
p {color: green;}</style>
</head>
<body>
<h1>This is heading level one</h1>
<p>This is paragraph.</p>
</body>
</html>
External CSS
An external style sheet is used to define the style for many HTML pages.
With an external style sheet, you can change the look of an entire web site, by changing one file!
To use an external style sheet, add a link to it in the <head> section of the HTML page:
Example
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<link rel="stylesheet" href="external.css">
</head>
<body>
<h1>This is heading level one</h1>
<p>This is paragraph.</p>
</body>
</html>
<html>
<head>
<link rel="stylesheet" href="external.css">
</head>
<body>
<h1>This is heading level one</h1>
<p>This is paragraph.</p>
</body>
</html>
An external style sheet can be written in any text editor. The file must not contain any HTML code, and must be saved with a .css extension.
Here is how the "External.css" looks:
body {
background-color: powderblue;}
h1 {
color: grey;}
p {
color: green;}
background-color: powderblue;}
h1 {
color: grey;}
p {
color: green;}
CSS Fonts
The CSS color property defines the text color to be used.
The CSS font-family property defines the font to be used.
The CSS font-size property defines the text size to be used.
Example
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<style>
h1 {
color: grey;
font-family: verdana;
font-size: 250%;}
p {
color: green;
font-family: courier;
font-size: 160%;}</style>
</head>
<body>
<h1>This is a heading level one</h1>
<p>This is a paragraph.</p>
</body>
</html>
<html>
<head>
<style>
h1 {
color: grey;
font-family: verdana;
font-size: 250%;}
p {
color: green;
font-family: courier;
font-size: 160%;}</style>
</head>
<body>
<h1>This is a heading level one</h1>
<p>This is a paragraph.</p>
</body>
</html>
CSS Border
The CSS border property defines a border around an HTML element:
Example
p {
border: 3px solid powderblue;}
border: 3px solid powderblue;}
CSS Margin
The CSS margin property defines a (space) outside the border:
Example
p {
border: 1px solid powderblue;
margin: 50px;}
border: 1px solid powderblue;
margin: 50px;}
CSS Padding
The CSS padding property defines a padding (space) between the text and the border:
Example
p {
border: 1px solid powderblue;
padding: 30px;}
border: 1px solid powderblue;
padding: 30px;}
The id Attribute
To define a specific style for one special element, add an id attribute to the element:
<p id="p1">example for ID attribute</p>
then define a style for the element with the specific id:
Example
#p1 {
color: Green;}
color: Green;}
#Example
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<style>
#p01 {
color: blue;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<p>This is a paragraph.</p>
<p>This is a paragraph.</p>
<p id="p01">I am different.</p>
</body>
</html>
The class Attribute
To define a style for a special type of elements, add a class attribute to the element:
<p class="error">example for class attribute</p>
then define a style for the elements with the specific class:
Example
p.error {
color: green;}
color: green;}
#Example
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<style>
p.error {
color: red;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<p>This is first paragraph.</p>
<p>This second paragraph.</p>
<p class="error">I am Example.</p>
<p>This is third paragraph.</p>
<p class="error">I am different Example.</p>
</body>
</html>
External References
External style sheets can be referenced with a full URL or with a path relative to the current web page.
This example uses a full URL to link to a style sheet:
Example
<link rel="HTML Styles" href="https://cssandhtmllearning.blogspot.com/">